Tuesday, 31 March 2009

大專生計分實習 無最低工資達共識

【本報訊】(記者 聶曉輝)勞資雙方昨在勞工顧問委員會會議上達成共識,接納政府建議,涉及學分的大專生實習計劃及留宿的家庭傭工,將獲豁免於最低工資條例所涵蓋的保障範圍內。勞顧會資方代表何世柱(見圖)指出,留宿傭工不獲最低工資保障,是仿傚英國等地的做法,執行上亦難以準確計算留宿傭工的工作時數及時薪。勞工處發言人稱,最低工資委員會將於今天召開首次會議,當局會如期在7月前,向立法會提交最低工資立法草案。

在院校現行的一些實習計劃下,學生與機構在工作實習期內可能存在僱傭關係,院校及教育機構要求實習學生可獲最低工資條例豁免,以免令他們的培訓機會減少。資方代表亦認為,若要求僱主以不低於最低工資的薪酬聘請實習生,將減低僱主提供實習空缺的意慾。勞資雙方均認同,涉及學分的實習計劃將獲得豁免,但與學分及課程無關的實習空缺,則在最低工資保障範圍之內。

留宿傭工亦不納保障範圍

至於留宿的家庭傭工,曾有外傭組織建議政府取消現時在「標準僱傭合約」下外傭須「留宿」的規定,讓他們有權在完成「標準工作時數」後離開僱主住所。有僱主認為,輸入外傭正正是因為本地缺乏留宿家庭傭工,並需要他們隨時在家中候命。

何世柱解釋,計算留宿傭工的實際工時存在困難,他們的報酬亦可能包括了其他非現金權益。他說:「法例上一定要寫得十分清晰,要行得通、做得到,但留宿傭工則難以計算工作時數及時薪。」此外,勞顧會亦就殘疾人士的工資計算方法達成共識。殘疾人士要接受殘障評估,再按工作能力比例支薪。

資料來源:
文匯報 2009年3月31日(星期二)

相關連結:
http://paper.wenweipo.com/2009/03/31/HK0903310055.htm

思考題:
1.你對"涉及學分的實習計劃將獲得豁免,但與學分及課程無關的實習空缺,則在最低工資保障範圍之內"有什麼看法?
2.對留宿的家庭傭工來說,政府的建議能保障他們的利益嗎?

通識規劃. 通識教與學關鍵﹕教師和課堂

【明報專訊】縱使具備了精密的3年課程框架及合理具邏輯的單元策劃,通識教學要成功,最終還是要透過專業的通識教師,揮灑演繹優秀設計的課堂,學生才會獲益。所以,教師和課堂是通識教育的成功關鍵。

以下嘗試提供一些提升通識教師及通識團隊的質素建議﹕

□通識教師須掌握最重要的技能是﹕

◆鼓勵地等待﹕讓學生有充足時間思考、表達及提問,加上正規(如記錄學生的課堂參與情况,並評分)和非正規(眼神、邀請式提問)的鼓勵,學生才會融入真正探究學習。

◆有效地總結﹕能夠適時適當地概括學生的回應或匯報討論的結果,是高難度的通識技能——因為教師無法預知學生思考與說話的內容和結構。如果教師能將內容寫在黑板,使概念「看得見」,將資料連結鋪排,使「概念活起來」,可大大提升學習效能,並作優秀示範。

◆適當地點火﹕由「師生互動」導向「生生互動」;讓學生之間自然地展開回應、對話和質詢等,這是高層次的通識境界。「挑調」問題時(找出學生意見中具爭議之處,然後請其他學生回應該點,促使學生之間展開討論),內容必須清晰精確。以下具共通性的發問方式十分常見,但在刺激思考和誘導學生上並不可取。如「你對事件有什麼看法?」、「你對A同學的看法有什麼看法?」

要精確發問,教師必須具備前述第二點的能力。

□通識團隊提升專業協作﹕

◆安排副科主任職位,以加強科領導,以及保障領導的延續性。

◆設立共同備課節,並計入工作量,以創造交流空間。

◆在科會議設立專業交流時段,更理想的是設立通識退思日,讓同工交流彼此對通識理念和單元內容的理解、對學習目標的期望,以及如何實踐通識教學等。

□處理課堂﹕按部就班 促進探究

碰到好的錄像、報章或漫畫等材料,接下教師還得花工夫,方可將材料「烹煮」成為佳肴。佳肴的定義是﹕能夠促進學生進行議題探究。

附圖是中大通識支援團隊給教師的貼士﹕教師的備課流程、學生的探究歷程和課堂設計要對應教學目標。

“■圖解﹕(請看附圖)

•旅程路標﹕指教學目標。課堂設計除須清晰對應課程內容外,亦應設定明確的教學目標(A指Attitude/Value,S指Skills,K指Knowledge),而發問(ASK)問題本身更是學習通識的精神。

•七色彩虹﹕指教師的備課流程(原則上由紅色至紫色)。但要注意的是備課流程並非線性單向的,過程中很多時候都要迴環往復,有時甚至要微調教學的目標以作配合。

•學習火車﹕指學生的探究歷程。有關活動必須能夠促進學生掌握事實、明白分歧和進行判斷(詳情請參考課程及評估指引第70頁)。這樣,學生才可成功經歷以議題為本的探究式學習。”

另外,教師在課堂中使用通識素材,須配合素材的特性,並適當剪裁,才可收效。例如﹕

◆報章資料內容通常比較詳盡,學生可因應個人閱讀速度和當時所關注的,在不同部分停下思考。教師亦容易透過增刪、改寫調適素材,引導學生進行理解、整理、比較、報告資料等活動。

◆視像素材的強勢通常在其故事性和感染力,故特別適合情感教育,如引發同理心。特輯能濃縮地帶出多角度的思考面,可以用最短的時間說明最多的要點。觀看電影會強制同步;令學生較難以個別專注於某個思考點,故互動較少,進行個別思考比較困難。調適方面可用暫停、片段剪輯和重排等功能處理。

◆漫畫也是常用素材,內容是超濃縮的,有較多空間給學生思考,適合引起動機、引發討論和促進辨識主題。調適方面,可抽調重要部分,讓學生發現主題要點。

最後,與大家分享楊旭所著的《家規﹕世界家教智慧全集》,其中提及諾貝爾獎得主很多是猶太人,猶太人的教育觀如下﹕

•幾乎每個猶太家庭的孩子都要回答這個問題﹕「假如有一天你的房子被燒毁,你將帶什麼東西逃跑呢?」

「是智慧。任何人都搶不走的,你只要活着,智慧就永遠跟着你。」

•袋裏的財富,要靠腦袋的財富(智慧)來創造,而智慧則源自學習、觀察和思考。

•知識透過人的感覺和思維,與實際的事物和存在的問題或現象發生聯繫時,其價值才得以表現。

•知識好比汽油,不燃燒是沒用的,而當它燃燒時就能產生熱量,這種熱量才是智慧。

今天,我們正迎向全民通識的年代。如果將猶太人的教育觀與通識教育的教育觀相比較,兩者在多大程度上彼此相似呢?

資料來源:
明報 2009年3月31日(星期二)

相關連結:
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/090330/4/bfpd.html

思考題:
1.通識科的老師將會需要經常緊貼時事以便於課堂時與學生分享,你認為政府可透過什麼方法協助他們呢?
2.你認為老師可如何幫助學生有效地學習?

Monday, 30 March 2009

Rethink Policy on MOI, says expert

Teaching in English 'only suitable for top pupils'

A leading expert in language policy has thrown her weight behind the campaign against government plans to reform the medium-of-instruction policy.

University of Hong Kong's pro-vice-chancellor and vice-president, Amy Tsui Bik-may, appealed to the government to think twice before implementing the "fine-tuning" plan.

The reform, which will remove the current strict segregation of schools into Chinese and English streams and allow Chinese-medium schools to set aside a quarter of their lesson time for "extended learning activities conducted in English", has provoked strong resistance from principals and teachers since it was announced by Education Secretary Michael Suen Ming-yeung last June.

Concerns voiced by critics include claims that it would lead to increased workloads and intense competition among schools to offer English classes and the fear that students studying in Chinese-medium classes would be further stigmatised.

A staunch supporter of mother-tongue teaching, Professor Tsui, who is chair professor of HKU's education faculty, said classes taught in English were suitable only for top students.

"For students of average or below-average ability, they learn best in Chinese-medium classes," she said.

"The government has to consider whether using English as the medium of instruction would really lead to better English proficiency and whether the cost we are paying for English-medium classes is too high."

Professor Tsui spelled out the findings of a survey on the medium of instruction that she conducted between 1999 and 2001 to argue the benefits of mother-tongue teaching.

Some 2,547 students from 13 schools spanning five bandings were involved in the study.

Professor Tsui found that students of average ability scored higher in various aspects, including critical thinking, motivation and organisation, in Chinese-medium classrooms than their counterparts in an English-medium setting.

"From my observation, there are more open-ended questions in a Chinese-medium school where teachers give a lot of everyday examples that students can relate to. [Whereas], in an English-medium classroom, we get only one-word answers and lots of closed questions.

"Teachers no longer challenge students to think intellectually. They just ask them to remember facts bit by bit.

"The whole issue of mother-tongue teaching being the best learning medium is uncontroversial."

Comparing the language policy debate in Hong Kong to the recent medium-of-instruction controversy roiling Malaysia, Professor Tsui said language was a highly politicised and emotionally charged issue.

"Language is linked to identity, political power and culture. Of course education officials will deny there's a political agenda [behind language policy], but it's understandable."

Despite Professor Tsui's objections to the fine-tuning plan, Education Convergence vice-chairman and Elegantia College vice-principal Ho Hon-kuen said schools welcomed the policy for the increased autonomy they had in deciding language issues.

He said a majority of schools had voiced their support for the plan in their recent survey.

Released earlier this month, the survey interviewed more than 160 teachers from 80 schools on their views on the fine-tuning plan from December to January.

Some 74 per cent of respondents supported the fine-tuning policy, with 83 per cent of teachers from Chinese-medium schools agreeing with the new plan.

"Many lower-banded schools welcome the 25 per cent lesson time that they can use for extended learning activities conducted in English," he said.

"Parents being attracted to schools with English classes is a reality. So the decision to allow more English classes affects the survival of schools."

A bureau spokesman said they believed schools were capable of exercising professional judgment in deciding their language policies.

"It's our belief that schools would make decisions based on students' best interests," he said.

Source:
South China Morning Post 28 March 2009 (Saturday)

Link:
http://prd3-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy3.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:266f^200903280270444(S:58701646)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

教師怎樣看

教學語言微調方案是怎樣製作出來的,局外人很難得知,但顯然教師缺乏適當的諮詢和參與。

我們只知道,方案由醞釀到成熟,到放風給媒介,到正式公布為止,期間只有一些什麼校長議會之類的團體公開表示贊同、質疑或反對的意見,當然很早表態贊成的包括代表家長的家庭與學校合作事宜委員會。據說後來還有兩個校長團體仍然反對方案,但最後好像經過一些商討使事情逐漸得到平息。

為了更清晰解釋方案,教育局邀請了中學校長舉行了一個研討會。儘管會中還有不同意見,但教育局希望遊說校長接納方案的動機是明顯的。教師呢?全程似乎沒有受關注,有否經過適當的諮詢或遊說,也令人質疑。

校長代教師決策?

或者說,校長既為學校行政的負責人,他們的意見應可代表「學校」,即是能代表教師了。這一看法很顯然是有問題的。其一、校長和教師在校政的推行上扮演不同角色,都屬學校的持份者。任何教育施政的興革,理論上由校長與教師合組的校務議會或校政委員會之類的架構詳細討論,本身不存在誰代表誰的問題。校政的推行如果由一人作代表,全權統攬,將會是很危險的事。其二、教學語言的改變,基本由教師去直接面對。比如學校開彈性班,進入課室授課,需要改變教學語言的是教師。同一間學校,同一級不同班有兩種不同的學習語言,要用兩種語文去編訂教學內容和進度的亦是教師。學校分別用兩種語文,考卷自然也有中英兩個版本,擬卷和批卷的都是教師。學校執意全部或部分轉英,原先合資格教學的,突然因政策改變而變成不勝任,須重新進修英文參加考核的也是教師。

在這種情況下,說學校的行政安排可由校長「代言」、「代定」,不說是否合理,最少便不太合情了。

教師反對聲音強烈

猶幸,教師的意見也不是湮滅無聞。香港最大的教師工會「教育專業人員協會」上月就教學語言微調方案召開了一次會員諮詢大會,大會的意見給歸納起來,編印了一份「微調中學教學語言特刊」(2009年2月23日)加以說明。「教協」的刊物,「界外」人士未必有機會看到,筆者不妨在這裏作簡單引述。

特刊的頭版,列出「微調中學教學語言」意見書,文章的幾個小標題分別是「微調強化學校標籤」、「分科英語授課違反專業」、「分科英語教學得不償失」、「避免教師不務正業,堅決反對語文基準」、「全力提升英文學習,總結經驗加強配套」,群情夠洶湧吧!

文章的總結是「避免教學語言成選校指標,須注重多元化人才培育」,而刊物的內頁和頁底分別刊出多篇教師執筆的文章,有理性的質疑,有經驗的敘述——質疑是鏗鏘的,經驗是慘烈的。

我不懷疑刊物的內容是經過嚴肅的整理和編訂,代表了不少業界老師的意見。在教育局主力遊說校長會或家教會支持的同時,似乎也不能漠視教師的意見。如果認為「教協」不足以代表全部教師,不妨把諮詢教師的視野擴充得更廣更遠,或許更能看出事情的真像。

沒有教師真誠和認真的支持,任何教育改革都是很難成功的——這句話,我是很相信的。

資料來源:
信報財經新聞 2009年3月17日 (星期二)

相關連結:
http://prd3-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy3.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:26bh^200903173910099(S:58700756)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

按學生能力定教學語言

微調教學語言政策和方案出籠後,不少學校正考慮分班以英語授課,但有一所符合教育局規定、有資格開辦二至三個彈性班的中學,矢言只設中文班。該校校長說,「我可聲稱有彈性班,但這未必對學生有好處,我要用成績顯示實力!

原來這幾年間,該校在堅持母語教學的同時,加強初中班級的英語教學,不但使學生提高各學科的水準,亦使該校會考英文科及格率從四成七增至現時的八成。

該校主要取錄第二組別學生,亦有部分第一組別者。根據學生質素,若對各學科普遍採用英語授課,效果反而不佳。校長指出,這會使第二組別學生降至第三組別,堅持策略性母語教學,卻能使他們升上第一組別。

該校幾年來的實踐證明,學生學業水平中等(第二組別)的學校,原則上對初中班級堅持母語教學,同時實行佔兩成上課時的英語延展教學,可以提高包括英文在內的整體教學水準。倘若單純依賴英語授課,反而不能顯示學校實力,對學生亦未必有好處。至於學生學業水平屬低等的學校(第三組別),更要推行母語教學。若盲目跟風,罔顧學生學習能力,輕率地實施英語授課,教與學只會一團糟!

近來一些學界人士主張「雙語教學」,他們認為同時採用中、英兩種語言授課,教師好教,學生易學,因而「英文課本中文教」、或「中文課本英文教」不妨推行。此說實際上是對單純英語授課成效的質疑或否定。如果增加英語授課分量確能使學生「中英兼擅」,誰還會提倡「雙語教學」?教育局對「雙語教學」沒有明確表態,但已表示「英文課本中文教」不可行,指出這會使學科教學變為翻譯課。

筆者認為,籠統贊成或反對「雙語教學」都不恰當。因為「雙語教學」對質素不同的學生的效應各異,須知學生質素高低決定教學形式和方法的取捨。語文基礎較好的學生由於掌握英文能力較強,對中英混合語授課較易接受,學科教學未必成為翻譯課。語文基礎差的學生由於不懂文法,掌握字彙少,甚至連簡單語句都不能讀,「英文書中文教」便會變為翻譯課。明乎此,「雙語教學」大抵對那些位列前40%的學生尚可酌量實施,不宜全面推廣。就多數學校而言,不能指望藉此提高學生的英文水平。教育局既然深知「雙語教學」會使「英文書中文教」變為翻譯課,為什麼還積極提倡那難度更大的英語單一授課?要「分班、分科、分時段」及加以推銷,反而忽視那些質素偏低的學生的承受能力,端的是什麼緣故?

資料來源:
香港商報 2009年3月21日 (星期六)

相關連結:
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語言「微調」教材多「做翻譯多過教書」

【本報訊】教育局昨晚就中學教學語言「微調」方案舉行首場公眾諮詢會,吸引逾二百名學生、家長、老師及公眾人士出席。大部分與會者關注教師壓力、如何培養學生語境及日後選校等問題,有教師更質疑日後需預備多個版本的教材,「做翻譯多過教書」。教育局局長孫明揚則強調,落實「微調」後將容許學校按學生及教師能力專業自決,讓學生在各學科皆有接觸英文的機會。

教學語言「微調」方案最快於今年四或五月提交至行政會議,若獲得通過將於明年九月實行。參與諮詢會的羅老師表示,教師為應付新高中學制及縮班殺校等已感到莫大壓力,若「微調」方案在二○一○年推行將再增加他們的工作量。她指出,日後或需預備中、英各一份的教材、筆記及試卷,「似做翻譯多過教書」,學校之間亦會演變成鬥多英文班及彈性班,無形中令老師壓力更大。

九成老師對方案恐懼

中西區家長教師會代表梁先生亦指出,雖然「微調」方案獲大部分家長支持,但該會進行調查後發覺逾九成老師仍對方案感到恐懼,要求當局增加支援學校教師的資源。有家長則要求教育局推行方案時派學者追蹤成效,充分了解學生及教師在教與學時所面對的困難。

孫明揚強調「微調」方案將以學生為本及讓學校專業自決。他舉例指,若有英文中學覺得翻譯材料費時失事,希望以中文教授通識科,當局亦將批准;相反中文中學亦可運用不超過總課時兩成五或上限兩科的課堂以英語授課。日後學校概覽會以科目為單位,公布各所中學的教學語言,方便家長選校。他又指出,當局會邀請顧問挑選四十間中學試行「微調」方案,每半年進行一次檢討,讓學校間分享不同的教學經驗,減輕老師負擔。

資料來源:
太陽報 2009年3月13日 (星期五)

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微調教學語言現阻力孫公能耐再受考驗

教育局長孫明揚上任以來的「重頭戲」微調教學語言方案,最快下月便可提交行政會議最後拍板定案,成為政府政策,明年開始執行。幾經孫公到處游說之後,大家都以為是項政策取向已得到了學界、家長等持份者的支持,一切看似快塵埃落定之際,教育界突然傳來耳語謂,代表全港近九成津貼及官立中學的津貼中學議會(下稱津中議會)已在該會網址發表報告,促請教育局延遲微調方案至2013 年實施,否則寧願推倒政府提出的微調方案,維持現狀。一時間,教育局多月來的努力突現暗湧。

津中議會上月向會員發出問卷,訪問逾216 所中學校長。結果發現,48.15%受訪學校贊成微調方案,反對的學校則有44.44%。換言之,支持稍多於反對。報告並且開列出「再」微調中學教學語言的四大建議,包括延遲至2013 年推行、禁用「英文班、彈性班、中文班」一類字眼、設寬限期容許英語教學的老師達標、以中一至中三總課時計算英語教學的比例。最後報告明言, 「若建議不獲教育局接納,應推行2005 年教學語言檢討報告」。換言之,該會寧願讓英文中學、中文中學的上落車機制復活。

津貼中學議會副主席邱藹源解釋,雖然支持與反對微調的學校相若,但逾五成受訪學校認為應延遲推行,津中反映會員學校的意見,決定建議延遲兩年推行,至於教育局是否接受仍是未知之數。她指出,倘教育局堅持明年實施微調,便需再聽取業界的意見,才決定下一步策略。

官場耳語卻指出,教育局於過去一年已聽取了學界、家長及社會人士的意見,並判定學界大多數人均支持調微,尤其是家長。消息人士反問: 「既然政策對學生有利,為何要延遲?」屈指一算,若政府接納津中議會的延遲兩年建議,以每年約有5 萬名中一學生計算,延遲兩年,便會令10 萬學生無法受惠。一名高官指出,早已有教育界反映新高中學制與微調方案同時推出,會帶來混亂,所以政府理解學界心理上的恐懼,但新學制已部署多年,今年9 月便正式推行,而微調要到2010 年才實施,故此現階段政府還是決心推動微調方案。

有校長與教育局官員私下閒聊後,直指高官也對津中議會的立場感到莫名其妙,認為孫公自2007 年上任至今,學界一直都主動向孫公反映教學語言的安排太過嚴苛,要求給予更大彈性選擇教學語言,尤其津中議會更一度力倡校本專業自決。如今,到了微調方案快埋尾定案之際,又突然要求延遲。該校長指出,津中議會接近代表全港官、津中學,當中有名校,也有成績差的弱勢中學,所以支持及反對微調方案者,出現「一半一半」的尷尬局面。他說: 「津中具廣泛代表性,訂下的立場與教育局不同,會令教育局相當頭痛。」有中學校長慨嘆,微調教學語言給予學校更大彈性採用英語教學,若學校堅持原來的母語教學,大可悉隨尊便,但沒有理據去剝削其他學校的彈性。該校長說: 「除非有校長夠膽承認,面對收生壓力,會放下專業判斷,勉強採用英語教學,否則彈性選擇教學語言何錯之有。」不過,亦有官場中人分析,孫公上場以來,投下最多心血的教育政策,正是微調教學語言方案,他當然期望可以在任內看到是項政策得以實施,否則等同交白卷,所以筆者有理由相信這回孫公應不會接受津中議會的延遲建議。

資料來源:
明報 2009年3月27日 (星期五)

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教局撤「彈性班」命名免混亂

(綜合報道)
(星島日報報道)教育局局長孫明揚昨與近四百所中學的校長舉行「英雄會」,討論教學語言「微調」方案。他坦言,「彈性班」予學界「太彈性、太亂」印象,故不會再為這類班級命名。局方並澄清,中文班的英語延伸教學佔總課時只約兩成一,較學界原來理解的四分一為低。中文中學聯會批評,取消名目是換湯不換藥,沒彈性班之名但有標籤之實。

孫明揚昨出席教學語言「微調」首次的正式諮詢會,他強調,「微調」並非通過其他學科教英文,而是讓學生多接觸英文,「有人說這麼大手術都叫『微調』?是否掩人耳目?教學語言實行十年,落實時有些問題,現在要針對去解決」。

他又指,「彈性班」是指安排上有彈性,局方會讓學校選擇兼作出規範,「這個名給人印象太多彈性、太亂」,故日後不會替這類班級給予任何名稱。對於「微調」被指造成標籤,他希望校長勿把所有區別看成標籤,「十隻手指都有長短,不要從負面去看」。

他續指,當局將採用「陽光政策」,學校每年須書面交代各科的教學語言安排,呼籲學校不要斤斤計較,以英文班數目作招徠。

他坦言,落實每項政策均有代價,沒可能不帶來額外工作量,但當局會做好風險評估,並與持份者溝通,「過去很多人說教育界多年來有很多改革,付出太多,這點我是知道的,但若不是必須,我也盡量不改那麼多」。

對「微調」方案持保留態度的中中聯會及中學校長會,均認為諮詢未能釋除疑慮。中中聯會主席葉賜添批評,取消「彈性班」之名,教育局亦會計算各校開班的數目,解決不到標籤問題,「根本是換湯不換藥,沒用其名但有其實」。

他又指,過去校長均以為,中文班可享兩成半的英語延伸教學課時,但當局在會上澄清,有關課時是扣除英文科課時後,餘下課時的兩成半,他推算約佔總課時的兩成一,兩者相差四個百分點。

中學校長會主席黃謂儒亦批評,當局不用「彈性班」名稱是掩耳盜鈴,並指局方仍未回應其關注,如該會要求學校不可公布「彈性班」數目,但按局方要求,日後中學表面上雖不能公布有關數據,但詳列各科的教學語言安排,亦會造成標籤效應。

資料來源:
星島日報 2009年2月17日 (星期二)

相關連結:
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/090216/3/apyj.html

Voices Raised on Use of English in Classrooms

Dissenting voices marked a Legislative Council panel meeting on teaching language reforms designed to introduce more English into the classroom.

Secretary for Education Michael Suen Ming-yeung defended the new policy, saying it would allow Chinese- medium schools to teach up to 25 percent of classes in English.
Submitted to legislators on January 8, the reforms would also allow Form 1 students in schools where more than 85 percent are in the top 40 percent of their age group to select their language of instruction. Suen said he thought the direction of the proposal is acceptable, because responses from the education sector are "very encouraging."

He said that since some students would inevitably show resistance to learning English, the 25 percent approach would form a balanced system and enable the proper bridging necessary for secondary students to make the switch to English at the college level.

But Democrat Party lawmaker Cheung Man-kwong said a direct approach to teaching English is required at both the primary and secondary levels. "This is not fine-tuning it's wrong- tuning as Chinese-medium teachers will be forced to teach in English. Can they switch to teaching in English overnight? Do we want to sacrifice learning?" he asked.

Cheung added that many teachers have voiced fears about the changes, and asked Suen to reassure them.

The education chief said teachers should be reassured by the fact that the policies do not place a direct demand on what they have to do.

"The choice now is with the schools. If teachers need training time then fine we will put it into place," he said.

Confederation of Trade Unions legislator Lee Cheuk-yan echoed Cheung's sentiments calling the whole system of English instruction in universities "hypocritical."
He said he wants an overhaul that would eliminate the division of English- medium and Chinese-medium schools.

"We're not sitting back and doing nothing, we still have time to go. We want an extensive dialogue around April or May," Suen said.

Source:
The Standard 16 January 2009 (Friday)

Link:
http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=77140&sid=22268434&con_type=1&d_str=20090116&sear_year=2009

Class Sizes Blamed for Poor English

For years the government denied that large class sizes were to blame for a lowering of educational standards.

Now the head of a government-appointed research body acknowledges large classes are at the heart of the poor English oral and written skills of Hong Kong students. But Standing Committee on Language Education and Research chairman Michael Tien Puk-sun denies mother-tongue teaching is also dragging down English language skills.

The government introduced mother-tongue teaching in 1998 and schools wishing to use English as the medium of instruction need to ensure at least 85 percent of their Form One intake comes from the top 40 percent of students.

Tien said yesterday the language policy does not require drastic modification because class sizes are shrinking, and fresh intakes declining at an unexpected pace.
However, while he is now satisfied class sizes are mainly to blame - in that teachers are stretched to the limit and cannot help individual students in need - Tien said he will not change his stance on mother-tongue teaching for his Legislative Council election campaign.

He suggests Chinese-medium schools conduct more extra-curricular activities in English to allow students to practice their language skills.

Tien said allowing secondary schools to choose their own medium of instruction may minimize the labelling effect, but would have an adverse affect on the education system.

Source:
The Standard 2 June 2008 (Monday)

Link:
http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=66652&sid=19166982&con_type=1&d_str=20080602&sear_year=2008

Call to Drop School Labelling

Secretary for Education Michael Suen Ming-yeung yesterday sought help from parents to outlaw the labelling of schools.

Speaking to representatives from 20 different school and parent associations, Suen said by removing such labels as "English medium" or "Chinese medium," some of the choice-bias would disappear when it was time for parents to select schools for their children. Schools would also have autonomy in choosing which classes will be taught in each language.

A proposal to this effect is to be submitted to the Legislative Council. Chinese-medium schools have generally been viewed as inferior to their English-medium equivalents, resulting in some schools finding it hard to attract students.

Suen said it is the government's hope that a typical Hong Kong student will not only have the opportunity to gain Chinese-language skills at school, but also be able to excel in English.

"As Hong Kong is part of China and a cosmopolitan place, our young people not only need to develop good Chinese-language skills, but also English skills," Suen said.
The chairman of the committee on home-school cooperation Wong Po-choi said he wholeheartedly agreed with Suen, as did representatives of most organizations present at yesterday's meeting.

"We and the other school and parent associations support this measure. We believe it will provide more opportunities for students to learn English. This also creates a lot more flexibility for the schools," Wong said.

However, Wong expressed concern on behalf of parents over transparency after language labelling is removed.

In response, Suen said schools will reveal to the public the language in which each of their classes will be taught.

The move was first announced by a spokesman for the Education Bureau last month.
"We hope to allow schools more flexibility and room for development to make professional decisions on school-based medium of instruction arrangements to ensure smooth transition for students to senior and post-secondary education, which is normally conducted in English," he said.

Source:
The Standard 6 January 2009 (Tuesday)

Link:
http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=76645&sid=22122362&con_type=1&d_str=20090106&sear_year=2009

$1B to Widen School Choice

Secondary schools will be allowed to choose the medium of instruction for various subjects from September next year, according to a HK$1 billion plan unveiled by the government yesterday.

However, schools choosing to use English must ensure that 85 percent of students in a class are among the top 40 percent of students in Hong Kong.

Schools unable to meet this criteria or which wish to retain Chinese as the language of instruction can boost the use of English to at least 25 percent of the total lesson time.

The government hopes the proposal will end the labelling of schools and give parents a wider choice when it comes to selecting secondary schools for their children.

According to the proposal, the government will set aside HK$640 million to brush up the English-language skills of teachers.

It will also provide relief teachers for those undergoing training and commission studies to develop effective teaching resources.

In addition, a total of HK$310 million will be used to boost the quality of English instruction in primary schools.

It is estimated that 80 Chinese- medium schools will be afforded more flexibility, given the performance of their students over the past two years.

A further 114 English-medium schools will qualify for full flexibility.

Scholarships of up to HK$50,000 will be offered each year to qualified school graduates who endeavour to become English teachers.

The plan aims at increasing the general English proficiency among the student population as well as eliminating the negative bias associated with schools currently labelled as Chinese-medium.

English Medium Schools Association chairwoman Rosalind Chan Lo-sai welcomed the framework, saying it will help enhance the standard of English even in Chinese-medium schools.

Association of Heads of Secondary Schools chairman Michael Wong Wai-yu was more reserved in his observation, saying "fine-tuning" the teaching language framework will not eliminate the labelling effect.

"Of course it cannot be totally eliminated, but it [the framework] will reduce the bias somewhat," Wong said.

"I agree with its aim of improving the English skills of students, but I fear the government has taken the wrong approach."

Wong suggested those schools that teach entirely in English be called English medium, with the others referred to as bilingual schools.

Association of Hong Kong Chinese Middle Schools chairman Yip Chee-him hoped the new framework will not create a new labelling effect.

Grant Schools Council chairman and Wah Yan College, Hong Kong, chairman George Tam Siu-ping said the details of the proposal are to be discussed with the bureau before being submitted to the Executive Council in April.

Source:
The Standard 9 January 2009 (Friday)

Link:
http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=30&art_id=76781&sid=22172385&con_type=1&d_str=20090109&sear_year=2009

Monday, 16 March 2009

語常會推廣活學活用普通話

下稿代語文教育及研究常務委員會發出:

  語文教育及研究常務委員會(語常會)今年推出八項學校及社區活動,鼓勵大家活學活用普通話。

  語常會委員許守仁今日(三月十五日)出席語常會二零零九年度推廣普通話啟動禮時表示:「秉承過往多年推普的經驗,語常會今年以『活學活用』為主題,跟六個團體推出一連串的推普活動,透過歌唱、演講、辯論、廣播劇及戲劇表演等,讓大家『跳出課本』,實際應用普通話。」

  為鼓勵更多學生及市民參與該等活動,語常會更特別委任藝人方力申為「2009年推廣普通話大使」,協助宣傳各項推廣普通話的活動,將活學活用普通話的信息傳播到社會各階層。

  語常會自二○○二年起每年舉辦大型的推廣普通話活動,對象範圍涵蓋學校和社會兩大層面。今年的學校活動包括:與香港電台普通話台合辦的「普通話電台廣播劇訓練」和「粵港澳高校辯論賽」;與香港教育專業人員協會合辦的「全港中小學普通話歌唱比賽」;與新市鎮文化教育協會合辦的「全港中小學普通話演講比賽」;與香港理工大學香港專上學院合辦的「香港任我行-學生普通話旅遊大使培育計劃」;與新域劇團合辦的「到校普通話戲劇訓練計劃」。

  在社區層面,語常會將與香港電台合辦「廣播主持人選拔賽」(公開組和中學組),及首度與新城電台合製電台節目《財經點滴》,介紹日常接觸到的普通話財經新聞用語。在所有活動結束時,語常會並會舉行推普活動大匯演。

  查閱各項推廣普通話活動的詳情,請瀏覽語常會網頁:http://www.language-education.com。

  語常會於一九九六年成立,就一般語文教育事宜及語文基金的運用,向政府提出建議。


2009年3月15日(星期日)香港時間16時13分

資料來源:
香港特別行政區政府新聞處(中文版)新聞公報 二零零九年三月十五日 (星期日)

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思考題:
1.你認為語常會推行的活動成效有多大?
2.你認為什麼類別的活動最能引起大家對普通話的興趣?

Monica Wiser is living with hearing loss and has dedicated her life to helping others hear

Source: The Beaufort Gazette, S.C.

Feb. 17--The day still holds a strong place in Monica Wiser's memory. Diagnosed with hearing loss as a child, Wiser didn't get her first pair of hearing aids until the age of 8.

"I'll never forget that day because my mother walked outside with me, and I heard a very strange noise," Wiser recalled. "I said, 'Mom, what's that noise?' She couldn't hear anything unusual, and then we realized I was hearing birds for the first time."

Wiser is one of three out of seven siblings from a military family with a progressive sensorineural hearing loss.

"We're not exactly sure what gene marker is related to it, but two recessive genes got together, because both of my parents and grandparents had normal hearing," said Wiser.

Now 37 years old, Wiser has been a certified audiologist for the past 12 years. Since January, she has run her own private practice, Beaufort Audiology & Hearing Care, on Lady's Island.

An audiologist specializes in evaluating and treating people with hearing loss. Wiser explained that an audiologist is different from a hearing-instrument specialist and has a lot more training.

"(Audiologists) diagnose and map out a treatment plan for people with hearing loss," said Wiser. "A lot of people do not realize that when they get a hearing aid, they're not necessarily seeing an audiologist. They can get a hearing aid from a hearing instrument specialist (who) has a high school diploma and a passing score on a state examination. An audiologist has to have a master's or a doctorate, plus a clinical fellowship year and a national exam, so there's a bit of a difference."

Wiser holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from California State University Northridge in communication sciences and disorders. She graduated at the top of her class and was named Student of the Year by the National Center on Deafness.

Despite her high achievement at California State University Northridge, where the National Center on Deafness is located, Wiser was initially told by the department head that he thought the program would be too difficult for someone with her degree of hearing loss.

"He was retiring that year, and, fortunately, the new department head had a different attitude about it," said Wiser. "But the idea's still out there, that people with hearing loss are less capable or less intelligent, but it's really just a matter of having access to information. I think my hearing loss put me at an advantage because I was able to relate to the material both in theory and in practice. A lot of the issues I was already familiar with so it just came easily for me."

Wiser pointed to a 2005 study by Sergei Kochkin, Ph.D., that revealed people with untreated hearing loss tend to earn less than their peers with equal skill and experience.

"The income differential between somebody with normal hearing and somebody with untreated hearing loss, meaning they don't have a hearing aid, could be up to a $20,000 difference, annually," said Wiser. "One message that I'd like to get across is that the No. 1 cause of hearing loss is noise exposure, and that's 100 percent preventable. A lot of people think hearing loss is due to aging, but it's really an accumulation of noise over the years."

In 1996, Wiser obtained her Master's degree in Audiology at San Diego State University. Graduating with a 4.0 GPA, she was designated as the Outstanding Graduate for the Department of Communicative Disorders.

Wiser completed her clinical fellowship year at the V.A. Medical Center in Long Beach, Calif., and received her certificate of clinical competence from the American Speech Language Hearing Association in 1997.

"I went into this field with a lifetime worth of questions," said Wiser. "I was seeking two things: I wanted answers as to what caused hearing loss and what can be done to improve things for people with hearing loss. I also went into the field hoping to make some changes."

Although Wiser said technology and education has improved hearing loss treatments, one of the major changes she would like to see is how insurance companies treat the disorder.

"A lot of insurance companies do not cover hearing aids," said Wiser. "It has never really been taken seriously by the medical community. A couple of weeks ago, I spoke with the president of the Hearing Loss Association of America, which is a self-help organization for people with hearing loss, and their main goal is to raise awareness of hearing loss and to raise awareness as it is a national health concern."

Wiser added that most people don't realize the state of South Carolina provides free, amplified CapTel phones for people who have a documented hearing loss.

According to the Hearing Loss Association of America's Web site, 31 million Americans, or one in 10, suffer from a hearing loss, making it a public health issue third in line after heart disease and arthritis.

Wiser said her own hearing loss is what made her choose audiology as a career. Born to military parents on an Air Force base in Panama City, Fla., Wiser said she moved nine times by the time she was a junior in high school. She completed high school in Germany.

About six years ago, Wiser moved to Beaufort with her husband, Hayes, who was born in Columbia but attended the same high school Wiser did in Germany since his mother worked for the military. The couple has a 7-year-old son named Alan.

"I'm just grateful to God, really, for all of the blessings I've had, because so many people in so many other situations have a hearing loss, and it hasn't been addressed," said Wiser. "I like the fact that I have control over the quality of care of patients. I think the most fulfilling thing is when somebody walks out the door with a smile on their face."

Wiser said her whole motivation behind what she does is improving the quality of life for people with hearing loss, something she can relate to personally.

"I suppose I could have gone down the easier path and just got a job selling hearing aids, but I wanted to know more about the nature of hearing loss, what causes it and how it affects the lives of people," said Wiser. "I view my job as an advocate for people with hearing loss and not just somebody who gives people hearing aids and sends them on their merry way."

Copyright: To see more of The Beaufort Gazette or to subscribe to the newspaper, go to http://www.beaufortgazette.com. Copyright (c) 2009, The Beaufort Gazette, S.C. Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. For reprints, email tmsreprints@permissionsgroup.com, call 800-374-7985 or 847-635-6550, send a fax to 847-635-6968, or write to The Permissions Group Inc., 1247 Milwaukee Ave., Suite 303, Glenview, IL 60025, USA.

Source:
The Beaufort Gazette, South Carolina MM 17 Feb 2009 (Tuesday)

Link:
http://prd2-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy2.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:0529^200902179252842(S:58186523)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

Questions:
1.What is/are the difference(s) between an audiologist and a hearing-instrument specialist apart from the amount of training required?
2.Do you think Hong Kong has done enough in raising awareness of hearing loss? If not, what can be done to compensate for it?

Class notes

Researchers given HK$5 for Alzheimer's study

The Research Grants Council has awarded HK$5 million to City University for its research into the family life of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The research will track caregivers in 300 families which have members afflicted with the disease for 30 months, with the aim of lessening the pressure facing caregivers.

Plan to cut campus food waste

Greeners Action has launched a campaign to reduce food waste on campuses in collaboration with the Vocational Training Council. The VTC's Institute of Vocational Education, School of Business and Information Systems and Youth College have pledged to promote responsible eating habits.

Experts discuss pollution effects.Environmental experts converged at Baptist University yesterday to discuss the risks to public health posed by persistent organic pollutants.Chemistry department head,Cai Zongwei,presented a report on how the issue affected the region.

Marketing-Net degree launched

City University has launched a new degree programme in marketing information management, starting this September. Students taking the bachelor of business administration in marketing information management will be taught how to harness online opportunities for marketing purposes.

Visiting fellow invited

Chinese University's Chung Chi College has invited Ng Cheuk-Yiu from University of California to serve as a visiting fellow. Currently at CUHK, Professor Ng will stay until next month.

HKUST appoints business dean

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology has announced the appointment of Leonard Cheng Kwok-hon as dean of its School of Business and Management. Professor Cheng has been the acting dean for the past 20 months.

BaptistU rewards long-term staff

Baptist University has presented long-service awards to 131 staff members and teachers in recognition of their contributions. Five teaching staff were awarded outstanding performance awards for their academic achievements.

Outstanding students honoured

Six students at Polytechnic University beat candidates from various disciplines to win the award for outstanding student of the year. Final-year civil engineering major Liu Man-kit was crowned the most outstanding PolyU student.

Source:
South China Morning Post (Education) 28 Feb 2009 (Saturday)

Link:
http://prd2-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy2.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:05d9^200902280270134(S:58186438)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

Questions:
1.Can you think of the reasons why City University is going to start a new degree programme in marketing information management?

Friday, 6 March 2009

Early Childhood Education and Pre-primary Education Voucher Scheme

Survey Results Briefing

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) launched the
Pre-primary Education Voucher Scheme (PEVS) in September 2007, a move which could markedly influence Early Childhood Education (ECE). Under this scheme, parents of children aged between 3 and 6 years are entitled to receive a voucher of $13,000 per child per annum. A part of the sum ($10,000) can be used to pay tuition fees in kindergartens (KGs) while the rest ($3000) must be used for professional development of teachers in the child’s kindergarten. However, the voucher cannot be used to meet tuition costs in all kindergartens and it can only be used in those which meet the following criteria:

(1) They should be non-profit making
(2) They should have tuition fees under $24 000 and $48 000 per student, per annum, for half-day and full-day programmes, respectively
(3) They must attain the Education Bureau’s benchmarks for pre-primary school quality within 5 years
(4) They should make their accounts open for inspection
(5) They should not be bound by a rigid pay scale for teachers

Stakeholders have expressed some concern about the imposition of restrictions on the use of the PEVS and this has led to a lively exchange among those concerned with early childhood education.

Against this background, Assistant Professor Dr. Hui Li, Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong conducted a large-scale survey, to tap stakeholders’ perceptions of the PEVS. There are over 1000 KGs and 10% of them (103 KGs) were randomly selected. A total of 553 questionnaires were sent to the principals, teachers, and parents of the selected preschools. Three hundred and eighty
of them were completed and returned, representing a response rate of 69 %.
Preliminary results indicate that:

1. Support for the PEVS. Over half (52%) of the kindergarten principals, teachers and parents believed that the PEVS was a fair policy and that it could play an important role in promoting excellence in ECE. Respondents rated their overall satisfaction with the PEVS on a scale of 0 to 100. The scheme received an average score of 65 out of 100 indicating that the principals, teachers and parents surveyed were basically satisfied with it.

2. Benefits of the PEVS. Most respondents felt that the PEVS has had positive influences on both preschools and the family. This is because it (i) eased the financial burden on parents; (ii) increased schools’ accountability; and (iii) would improve the quality of teaching in kindergartens by improving and teachers’ qualifications. Parents felt that the implementation of the PEVS had led to
three major changes in local preschools: amount of school fees (63%), more highly qualified teachers (63%), and improved resources and facilities (58%). Parents felt that the PVES had brought positive changes to the family because (i) they had more money to spend for their children’s extra-curricular activities (39%), (ii) they had decreased their expenditure on education (23%), and (iii) the quality of education and educational resources available to their children would be improved (23%).

3. Concern about the PEVS. Though the majority of respondents (86%) clearly understood and agreed with the requirements of PEVS, some were concerned about the five restrictions associated with it, that is, kindergartens (1) should be non-profit making (23%); (2) should have tuition fees under $24 000 and $48 000 per student, per annum, for half-day and full-day programmes, respectively (17%); (3) must attain the Education Bureau’s benchmarks for pre-primary school quality within 5 years (34%); (4) should make their accounts open for inspection (29%); and (5) should not be bound by a rigid pay scale for teachers (54%, with 26% of
parents opposing this criterion).

4. PVES and Birth rate. Furthermore, the PEVS appeared to have little effect on increasing birth rate. Most (88%) of the parents expressed that they would not consider bearing another child even with the voucher. They mostly concerned about the high childcare expenses (44%) and limited parenting time (27%).

5. Future of the PVES. All in all, 21% of the respondents hoped that the voucher scheme would benefit all children (not just the ones attending certain kindergartens) in the future or that the Government would provide free ECE in the long run (94%). Some (15%) of the respondents also suggested more preparation, time, and resources to be put into the implementation of PVES by the Government.

The launch of the PEVS signals the Government’s commitment to and investment in the
well-being of young children in Hong Kong. The effectiveness of the scheme in promoting high quality early education as well as stakeholders’ views about it should be regularly assessed.

For media enquiries, please contact: HKU Faculty of Education, Development and
Communications Officer, Ms. Queenie Wong (Tel: 2219 4270 / 9220 5840 / E-mail: qlpwong@hku.hk)
Note: All numbers are rounded off to the nearest integers.
Thursday, January 24, 2008

Source:
Yahoo Search "Education Voucher System"

Link:
http://web.edu.hku.hk/outreach/media/docs/media/080124_Early_Childhood_R_E.pdf

Questions for Thinking:
1.What are the effects of Education Voucher System on both profit and non-profit making kindergartens?
2.Do you know why the implementation of Education Voucher System increases the burden of low-income families?

Thursday, 5 March 2009

幼稚園學劵制利弊

香港現況──幼稚園學劵

幼稚園學劵於年初已開始接受申請,而教育統籌局3月底亦會出版《幼稚園概覽》,以便增加幼稚園的透明度。牟利的幼稚園固然不能申請學劵資助,但以往一直予所有合法幼稚園及幼兒中心申請的學費減免計劃亦會於08至09年進一步撤銷。比諾教育機構轄下有5所獨立幼稚園,校監張麗華表示,該校以往有三分之二學生申請學費減免,撤銷的學費減免計劃後會大受打擊,「是被(教統局)按著打」。相信張校監之言亦為私立獨立(牟利)幼稚園的管理層及老師的心聲。

香港幼兒教育推行學券制在某程度上是一個好的學校資助模式,因為任何學費減免也可以減輕家長學費的負擔。另外,在「錢跟學生走」的影響情況下,幼稚園的競爭將會白熱化,長遠來說,可以提升幼兒教育的整體質素。而且,幼兒教育變得更加市場化,幼稚園為「收生爆滿」他們會想盡辦法改善學校的教育質素。

然而,幼稚園間的競爭只限於非牟利的幼稚園,私立獨立的幼稚園根本處於挨打狀態。例如聖德肋撒幼稚園校長胡肖霞表示1月以來有不少家長向校方施壓,所以不得已申請將其中一所分校轉為非牟利。以往的學費減免將被學券制取締,而私立獨立幼稚園又不能受惠於學券制的資助,這無疑是大大提高私立獨立幼稚園的學費。過去,非牟利與私立獨立幼稚園同獲學費資助,故此,縱然私立獨立幼稚園的學費較非牟利的學費高,但只要課程質素高,家長仍樂意讓子女入讀的。現在動輒上萬元的學費沒資助,低層或中低層的市民固然紛紛讓子女轉讀非牟利幼稚園,連一般中產家庭可能也要將兩者的質量逐一比併,才可決定掏萬多元的學費是否仍物有所值。下列簡表為08至09年度非牟利與私立獨立幼稚園學生學費減免申請條件比較。

2008/09年幼稚園學生學費減免申請條件
半日制學費 非牟利(約學校數目) 私立獨立(約學校數目)
2.4萬元以上 X(50所) X(100所)
1.3萬至1.4萬元 √(230所) X(120所)
1.3萬元以下 √(220所) X(20所)

註:07/08年入讀2.4萬元以上學費的幼稚園學生,已不符合資格申請學費減免

但是,如果要做到真正的公平競爭,香港政府應該全面落實所有學校,不管是牟利還是非牟利的幼稚園機構也應有學券制的資助。如果,政府只是「做一半,不做一半」,只為是入讀非犀利的幼稚園機構的家長提供學券資助,這樣,會做成不公平的情況出現,這是違背了學券制倡導者佛利民所提出的精神。因為,大多數的家長最後也會以「經濟利益為最大原則」而選讀有學券制的資助的學校,這樣,便會做成沒有學券制的資助的學校面臨收生不足的情況。

評論

在以上原則下,香港將實行的幼稚園學劵制並不是好的學校資助模式。因為學劵制的精神應是予家長更多的選擇權。現在的學劵制卻違反了這個原則,破壞目前香港幼稚園的多元化生態。雖然,有逾9年幼稚園視學經驗的教育統籌局首席督學(幼稚園)楊馮慧懿稱幼稚園教學法百花齊放,教統局無意限制,只要幼稚園非揠苗助長,必能通過視學關卡。但政府這次主動為市民荷包著想,以財力干預,向私立獨立幼稚園關水喉,輕易地影響私立獨立幼稚園的收生人數。這舉動無疑會令教育投資者卻步,競爭只限於非牟利幼稚園之間,沒有引入外國幼稚園辦學團體的新思維,刺激進步的空間有所局限,沒有競爭便沒有進步,長遠對香港教育發展造成壞的影響。教育公平應是因材施教,而不是因財施教,對象是學生。所以考慮點應以此為大前題,而不是牟利幼稚園賺取更多香港納稅人的錢的合理性。

本來,面對每年二十億的學券商機,那些牟利性質的幼稚園可以藉機變換手法,哄抬學費,讓握有學券的家長們更加舒爽地交付更高學費。但香港政府一貫政策是不會經常資助牟利機構的,最多只是一筆過撥款資助添置或改良硬件與時並進。這一次由無到有已經是一大突破。香港的幼兒教育本來是一個私人和不見天日的市場,利用「香港式」的學劵,用另一道板斧的市場機制去撥亂反正,對家長的財政負擔減輕,對前線教師的福利增加,當然對一些賬目不清的一堆習慣陋習管理層,絕非好事,現時的角力只是持份者想乘機「攞盡著數」罷了。反之,把資助計劃擴闊至幼兒教育,反會招至市場國有化的大政府垢病,並不能有效制衡。而最令人百思不得其解的是,即使學券制推行成功,政府亦無意將其推廣至中小學,甚至大學。按照曾特首的講法,因為幼稚園不是強迫性教育,而是一個資助計劃。政府沒有責任提供所有學位、老師以應付全民需要。道理是否如此,值得商榷。無論如何,曾特首率先為香港的學前教育引入學券制,確實是一大創新與嘗試。

縱然香港的幼稚園學劵制的推行與否仍值得商榷,但附之而出版的《幼稚園概覽》是值得嘉許的。按教統局規定,所有接受學劵資助的幼稚園(包括非牟利及私立獨立)必須於《幼稚園概覽》公開資料,如薪酬教師進修等開支比例、教師資歷及各項收費等,有助遏止幼稚園不合理的收費,亦方便家長選校。雖有私立獨立學校的高層直斥《概覽》公佈的資料混淆視聽,但消費者應有權知道並衡量他們為子女繳付的學費是否用得其所,政府(教統局)要做的是幫助市民解讀這些資料。

資料來源:
無標題文件 2007年7月25日 (星期三)

相關連結:
http://risk.roundtable.com.hk/article.php?&cat=edu&id=667&writer_index=shhui&writer=許\秀興

思考題:
1.學劵制對牟利和非牟利性質的幼稚園有什麼影響?
2.推行學劵制反使低收入家庭的負擔加重,你知道原因是什麼嗎?

Sunday, 1 March 2009

健康指標

上期我們已討論過「運動與健康」的關係及重要性,相信大家的運動知識又豐富了不少。今次,在進一步了解運動的益處之前,不如先認識一下我們的身體成份、健康指標、脂肪含量等,由最基本出發,祈望能以最強健的體魄以迎接零九年香港將舉行的運動盛事「東亞運動會」。

身體成份:

身體成份(Body Fat Composition)是指身體脂肪與非脂肪組織(如骨骼、肌肉等)的比例。淨瘦重量是指體重減去淨脂重量(積聚體內的脂肪)。

身體成份與體能活動有密切關係。當能量攝取多過消耗時,體重便會增加。反之,當能量攝取少於消耗時,體重會下降。過剩脂肪會令體重增加,但對任何活動都不會帶來好處。慣常恆久運動有助於消除身體過剩脂肪。運動後心率恢復速度與體內多餘的脂肪積聚成反比。

「超重」等於「肥胖」?

其實,「超重」不一定等於「肥胖」。肥胖是指身體脂肪過多,體脂百分比超過正常比例;超重只是指體重超過正常範圍。力量項目運動員(如舉重和投擲)由於肌肉發達、骨骼粗大,肌肉組織佔體重的比例遠遠超過一般體型相近的人,所以力量運動員往往是超重者,但他們體內的脂肪通常並不多。

脂肪百分比的量度:

在體育教學上,通常會用上「皮摺量度」(Skinfold Measures)來測量人體內脂肪的百分比。利用特製的脂肪鉗(Skinfold Caliper)來量度身體指定位置的皮摺厚度,然後便可以計算體內脂肪的百分比。

以男性來說,正常的脂肪百分比為1 0至2 0%,超過2 5%便算肥胖。女性正常的脂肪百分比為15至25%,超過30%便算肥胖。肥胖不但對運動的表現不利,還會增加患上心血管疾病的機會。

身體體質指數:

使用身體體質指數(Body Mass Index,簡稱BMI)方法來界定肥胖。研究顯示那些腰/腹部積聚了大量脂肪(身型呈蘋果形狀)的人士,患心臟病及糖尿病的機會往往會較那些脂肪積聚在臀部(身型呈啤梨形狀)的人士高。

體質指數,是世界衛生組織( W H O )建議的標準身軀的指數,利用身高和體重之間的比例去衡量一個人是否過瘦或過肥,國際認可的標準如下:

BMI =體重(kg)/身高2(m2)肥胖是指體內的能量代謝失去平衡,脂肪於全身或部位堆積過多,顯著超過正常人的一般平均量,便導致了肥胖的產生。治療肥胖必須修正能量代謝上的失衡,也就是減少能量攝入,或是增加能量的消耗。

成人肥胖定義

身體體質指數

體重過輕 BMI<18.5正常範圍 18.5 -- 22.9過重 23 -- 24.9

肥胖 >=25

當腰圍高於標準指標時,患上心血管病、腦血管病、糖尿病等疾病的機會相對增加:

我應如何幫助自己減肥?

倘若你致肥的成因與遺傳因素有關,雖然你無法改變你的遺傳因子,但你卻可以改變現時的生活模式,例如多做運動和保持飲食健康。


血壓檢查:

血液由心臟送出時,在動脈血管內衝擊血管壁會產生壓力,即是血壓。

收縮壓(上壓)是心臟收縮時,所測得血管壁所承受的壓力。

舒張壓(下壓)是心臟舒張時,所測得血管壁所承受的壓力。

舒張壓值小於收縮壓值。

正常血壓的範圍是120/80mm Hg:收縮壓在1 2 0 毫米水銀柱(mmH g)以下,舒張壓在80mmHg以下。

如果收縮壓在120至139mmHg,舒張壓在80至89mmHg之間者稱為前期高血壓(正常但偏高之血壓)。

甚麼是高血壓?

根據世界衛生組織的定義,高血壓是當在靜止狀態時量度的血壓持續地高於或等於140/90mmHg。

偶然的一兩次血壓升高,可能是基於多種因素如剛做完運動或情緒激動,並不一定代表高血壓。但假若在三個不同時間量度,仍然血壓過高,便應請教醫生。高血壓分為原發性高血壓與繼發性高血壓。

患上高血壓的高危因素:

原發性高血壓:家族成員曾患有高血壓,患上高血壓的風險較大

經常吸煙、酗酒、常進食高鹽份、高脂肪的食物、缺乏運動、精神長期處於緊張狀態

身體肥胖者

繼發性高血壓:

由其他疾病或身體變化而引起的;腎病(腎臟動脈變窄)、大動脈狹窄、糖尿病、克興氏病

服用類固醇

孕婦在妊娠期間亦有高血壓的症狀

預防高血壓方法

只要保持身體健康,減少吸煙酗酒、保持理想體重,並持之而恆地進行適量運動,注意均衡飲食、少吃高脂肪、高膽固醇和太鹹的食物、作息定時、睡眠充足,便可減少患上高血壓的機會。

運動有助增強身體的抵抗力,確保骨骼強壯。你更可透過運動控制體重,對心理和社交健康亦有幫助。研究指出,小量運動已足以改善你的健康。每日只需進行30分鐘運動,可以改善你的心肺功能和血液循環,減低日後患上心臟病、高血壓、中風及糖尿病的機會。缺乏運動可能會引起一些身體毛病,包括心臟病、高血壓、中風、肥胖、糖尿病、骨質疏鬆、抑鬱、結腸癌及過早死亡。

高血壓病人可用作減肥的運動:

室內運動

握拳運動

將手指伸直,再握拳用力,然後慢慢地放鬆手指,反覆重作,依體力及症狀,決定運動時間、次數。

屈腿運動

俯臥,盡可能彎曲小腿,放下,左右腳交互做。

腹部肌肉收縮運動

站立,雙手自然下垂,全身放鬆,吸氣時腹部肌肉用力外張;呼氣時,腹部肌肉用力收縮,反覆地做,每次做2-3分鐘。

甩手運動

雙足站立,雙手不停地上下左右甩動,約3至5分鐘。

室外運動

散步

慢跑

高爾夫球

園藝工作

運動的時間

每日上、下午各做約20分鐘,要有恆心及規律。

出現下列情形不宜繼續運動:

胸部不舒服

臉色潮紅

出汗過多

頭痛、頭暈

脈搏跳動超過每分鐘120次

骨質密度:

骨質密度(Bone Mass Density,BMD)檢查是評估骨質健康狀況的最佳方法。檢查可以用來發現骨質疏鬆症、預測您未來發生骨折的風險高低、幫助醫生為病人選擇預防或治療方案,以及評估骨質疏鬆症治療的效果。

雙能X光吸光測定法或DXA檢查是目前受到最廣泛認可的骨質密度檢查。與接受X光檢查有點相似,骨質密度檢查不會引起疼痛。檢查可以測定髖關節及脊椎的骨質密度。

骨質密度檢查的用途:

DXA檢查將您的骨質密度與已經確立的骨質密度平均值或標準進行比較,計算出一個比較值,以作為風險評估的判斷依據。

T評分(T-score)DXA檢查結果通常會與30歲健康成年人的最佳或顛峰骨質密度進行比較,從而計算出一個比較值(T 評分)。差異以標準差(英文縮寫為SD)為單位表示。

T 評分為0,表示您的骨質密度等於健康年輕人的平均。如果T評分低於0,則用負數表示。負數值越大,表示骨質密度越低,未來發生骨折的風險也越高。

骨量減少與骨質疏鬆症:

如果骨量減少程度尚未達到可被診斷為骨質疏鬆症的程度,此情況稱為「骨質缺乏」。骨量減少的原因很多,舉例如下:

遺傳因素

青春期骨質生長不足,顛峰骨

質密度未能達到最佳水平

患有對骨骼產生不良影響的疾病;或因患某種疾病而接受治療,所用的藥物對骨骼有不良影響

骨質流失過快

骨量減少的人未必會患上骨質疏鬆症,但一定有較高的風險,骨折的機會也較高。如果您有骨量減少,應採取措施減慢骨質流失的速度,並預防骨質疏鬆症。醫生會通常建議您培養或保持健康的習慣,例如進食含有豐富鈣質及維他命D的食品,以及從事運動(如步行、慢跑或跳舞)。在某些情況下,醫生可能會建議您透過服藥來預防骨質疏鬆症。

增加您患骨質疏鬆症及骨折的風險因素包括:

女性

年齡較大(五十歲以上)

體重較輕

成年骨折史

近親有成年骨折史

長期鈣攝入量低

身體活動量不足

目前吸煙

酗酒

使用某些藥物,例如糖皮質激

素和抗痙攣藥物

厭食症病史

更年期或在更年期之前手術切除雙側卵巢(導致較低的雌激素水平)

運動:

骨骼與肌肉一樣是活組織,運動會使骨骼與肌肉變得更加強壯。

對您的骨骼最有益的運動是對抗地心引力的負重運動。定期運動有助於預防骨質流失,可以透過增強平衡感及靈活性減少摔跤及骨折的可能性。


柔軟度:

關節能夠活動,有賴所依附的肌肉,而肌肉亦有保護關節免於過度伸展(伸展超出正常範圍)的功能。

我們必須保持適當的柔軟度,以避免由於主動肌和對抗肌的肌肉(關節上負責屈曲和伸展的肌肉)縮短或兩者的不平衡,而引致受傷。

一般而言,這兩組肌肉的力量不應相差一倍,以保持關節的正常活動,和避免較弱的一組肌肉受傷。大腿的四頭肌/腿後肌,上臂的二頭肌/三頭肌,以及小腿和下臂,都是我們最常應用的屈曲肌和伸展肌,我們必須定期透過量度主動肌和對抗肌的柔韌性和肌力,以測試關節的活動能力。

曾幾何時,我們都相信重量訓練是會增大肌肉群,對關節的活動有負面的影響。然而,這觀念現已被證實為錯誤,因為大多數運動員,包括泳手,每天都會進行重量訓練,但他們仍能保持關節活動自如。

事實上,要順暢地完成動作技巧,靈活的關節、足夠的肌力、以及肌肉間良好的協調都是不可缺的要素。

伸展活動的功能:

拉長被伸展的肌肉,防止諸如肌肉拉傷等的損傷

促進血液循環

舒緩肌肉酸痛

減低肌肉的緊張度,使身體鬆弛

柔軟度與性別及年齡的關係:一般來說,女性比男性的柔軟度較好,但這也不代表女性就不需要做伸展活動。事實上,較多運動的人士的肌肉彈性和關節活動幅度都較少運動的同輩為高。

另外,柔軟度跟隨年齡的增長而改變。嬰兒時期直至五歲左右的柔軟度極佳,然後漸漸下降,到了青春期時的柔軟度處於一個較低位置;之後隨青少年期的活動量的增加,柔軟度一般有顯著的改善。

但當踏入成年階段,柔軟度的保持則非常有賴適度及有恆的柔軟度訓練。神經肌肉鬆弛指減少或消除肌肉因精神壓力而引致的不必要緊張或收縮的能力。這種鬆弛法以呼吸練習配合有序的肌肉之收緊及放鬆,令肌肉能夠更容易徹底地鬆弛和休息。意象鬆弛法的運用有點似有系統地發白日夢。

練習時會嘗試用幻想把自己帶到一個安靜又舒適的環境,而身體各機能則會隨腦海中平和的景象而漸漸放鬆。

資料來源:
生命力 2009年2月19日 (星期四)

相關連結:
http://aero.csjss.edu.hk/~lamyy/teaching/sports_phy/sports_phy.htm
http://lp.hkcampus.net/~lp-bio0/biology/bmi.htm
http://www.hkmenshealth.com/b5/lifestyle/fit.asp
http://www.threemed.com.hk/chinese/mednews/checking_result/doc-71B.htm
http://www.hk-doctor.com/health_article/html/Hypotension_C.htm
http://www.cmuh.org.tw/HTML/dept/1820/addexam/bonedensity.htm
http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_info/bone/Chinese/default.asp
http://www.hkheadline.com/news/headline_news_detail.asp?id=32955http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~pesubj/brown/mfitness/fit_flex.htm

思考題:
1.你知道男女之間的BMI指數差別是多少嗎?
2.為什麼孕婦在妊娠期間有高血壓的症狀?
3.為何握拳運動和屈腿運動有助減肥?

專攻醫護 「穩」工選擇多

全球經濟不景氣,很多打工族渴求一份穩定的工作。公務員「鐵飯碗」固然令人趨之若鶩,原來醫護行業也是理想之選,尤其復康治療、護理等醫療專業,不但長期缺人,而且入職門檻有高有低,薪酬不俗,前景穩定,堪稱另類「鐵飯碗」。若要在醫療專業中爭一席位,先了解行情,及早裝備,才是致勝之道。

復康治療服務 三師人才搶手復康治療服務其中三類師級專業:註冊物理治療師、註冊職業治療師及言語治療師,人才一向需求甚殷,若想躋身三師之列,需修讀學位課程,接受專業訓練。Recruit為你介紹進修途徑,兼分析最新行情。

本港人口老化嚴重,料到2036年,長者人口達26%。長者人口增加,加上社會知識水平提升,市場對醫療專業服務需求殷切,一眾復康專業如:物理治療、職業治療及言語治療相繼出現「人才荒」。

言語治療師

行業情報:

配合教改 人手供不應求

言語治療專業近年發展迅速,香港言語治療師協會主席伍可怡表示,各公營及私營機構需要言語治療服務,而06至07年度,教育局推出「加強言語治療津貼」,資助全港小學外聘言語治療師,每周1天駐校提供服務。她指出,香港現有400多間小學,市場約有400名執業言語治療師,即使加上每年港大培訓約40名畢業生,也應付不了市場需求。

此外,由於市場需求日增,公營醫院復康治療服務往往大排長龍,不少患者尋求私營機構服務,促使一些治療師走向私營機構發展。她指出,畢業生一般選擇在醫管局工作,待累積經驗後,方投入私營市場,現時,醫管局言語治療師的起薪點為24,120元,私營機構薪酬指數與醫管局相若,不過,若加上雙糧花紅等待遇,條件或更優。

專業訓練:

港大設有言語及聽覺科學理學士學位課程,學生需要在4年間參與最少400小時的臨床實習。香港大學言語及聽覺科學系梁文德博士表示:「課程採取問題導向的學習模式(problem based learning),課堂上以病例來引發學生進行討論,使他們能認識針對不同病例的治療方式,提升解決問題能力。」此外,學員除要完成研究報告,參加臨床實習外,亦需通過viva考試。 畢業生可獲英國倫敦Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists會員資格,可於香港及歐盟國家執業。

出路全面睇:

私營機構大有需求伍可怡說,近年言語治療私營機構愈來愈多,據言語治療師協會統計顯示,投身這類機構的會員人數大增,至今各有30%會員分別在特殊學校及非牟利機構工作,另有25%在私營機構,而加入醫管局有8%,也有少數會員在教育局、生署工作或從事學術研究。

統計小資料

言語治療師人數:約400名

現行註冊制度

根據輔助醫療業條例,輔助醫療業管理局負責職業治療師、物理治療師註冊事宜,畢業生要經註冊後,方可取得執業資格。而言語治療師暫未有法定註冊制度。言語治療師針對患有溝通障礙,包括:讀寫障礙、發音不準確、口吃、吞嚥困難、聲線沙啞等人士作評估、診斷及治療。

(此文章已被作出修改)

資料來源:
Recruit 2009年2月27日 (星期五)

相關連結:
http://prd3-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:06eh^200902279226793(S:57646211)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

思考題:
1.你認為課程採取問題導向的學習模式是一種良好的學習方式嗎?

校園 致遠資管系教學獲肯定

致遠管理學院積極培養實用性的人才,在資訊管理學系的教學中也朝向實用性的資訊科技,在參加「2008年第十三屆全國大專院校資訊服務創新競賽─資訊技術組(ICT)」,雖面對來自全國大專院校的菁英,致遠資訊學系以「智慧家庭監控系統開發」為題勇奪全國第二名,參賽學生表現優異,登上學校英雄榜。

致遠資訊學系參加第十三屆全國大專院校資訊服務創新競賽的團隊,是由電算中心何永和主任所帶領的陳▲(上山下夆)傑、蔡尚坤、呂俊毅、曾士昌等四名學生所組成,在老師們的指導下,學生把平日所學運用在家庭監控系統上,讓家庭生活充滿資訊智慧,此次參賽也以此為題,擊敗眾多資訊菁英,拿下全國第二名。

資管系主任王育民表示,這次參加比賽的選手有來自台灣科大、嘉義大學、東華大學、國防大學、屏東商技等多所國立學校資管系團隊,可說高手如雲,致遠所推薦組成的專題小組能獲得全國第二名,足以證明致遠資管系學生實力相當雄厚。

專題小組的指導教授何永和指出,用於參賽的「智慧家庭監控系統」模型,是小組成員從無到有自行架設而來,學生們原本無電子電路知識,卻主動到圖書館借閱相關書籍自我學習,從模型建造到監控系統撰寫,學生完全自己動手,創意十足。

致遠資管系非常重視學生資管專題製作,要求學生的專題製作必須與廠商合作或以實用性的專題為主,藉以提升學生的實務經驗,並培育出優秀資管團隊,這次獲獎更是對學校資訊教學的最大肯定。

資料來源:
中華日報(臺灣) 2009年2月23日 (星期一)

相關連結:
http://prd3-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:04l4^200902239201094(S:57644896)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

思考題:
1.你認為香港應否參照致遠資管系的做法,讓學生有更多的機會發揮創意?政府可以如何促進此方面的發展?

資訊科技部門,化身企業「醫療健檢團隊」,依據各事業單位的需求,研發創新各種系統… 資訊科技巧扮企業醫師

景氣不好,正是檢視企業體質的最佳時機。擅用資訊科技,降低庫存風險,是技嘉科技逆勢成長的關鍵。

成功協助技嘉調整企業體質的幕後推手,是四年前從企管顧問轉戰技嘉科技策略資訊長的白光華。從製造業的生產管理,一路做到廠長、資訊管理顧問和企業管理顧問,沒有強大資訊科技背景加持的他,是技嘉首位「資訊長」,自嘲不是純正的科技人、也不會寫程式的他,卻是負責技嘉未來五到十年資訊應用和企業經營策略規劃的靈魂人物。

結合核心策略

設立「策略資訊長」一職的想法,出自延攬白光華入主技嘉的副董事長劉明雄。強調「策略」是希望借重白光華在製造業和資訊管理顧問的專業,為技嘉把脈,跨部門檢視既有營運流程,並統籌企業內資源,提出整合性解決方案,讓公司更具競爭力。

「IT(資訊科技)只是工具,只有與公司核心策略密切結合,才能發揮價值,」白光華強調,IT是工具,而管理是概念,整合資訊技術和管理概念,就可以成為改造公司整體流程、文化與營運模式的解決方案。

因此,身為策略資訊長必須縝密評估公司未來幾年的成長方向,並以此規劃企業的管理和營運流程,然後導入協助策略執行最有效的IT解決方案,協助公司拓展策略地圖。

落實管理概念

「運用IT落實管理概念,就可以幫助企業創造最大的價值,」秉持著這個信念,白光華上任第一件事就是改善企業體質。他規劃一個長程計畫,協助公司簡化營運流程,一方面整合各事業部資源,把採購、研發、人資及財務等共通性事務整合在同一平台,簡化總部管理系統。

其次,運用IT了解各事業單位庫存狀況,以降低市場變化造成的風險。根據白光華多年觀察,「景氣不好,企業最常會因為庫存太多而虧損,甚至倒閉。」為了不讓技嘉重蹈覆轍,他一進技嘉就利用資訊科技將各事業單位的庫存量系統化、透明化,高階主管和各事業單位主管,很容易就可以從報表中瞭解整個企業的庫存狀況。

此外,技嘉資訊部門扮演企業的「家庭醫師」,每周固定「健檢」不同事業單位的庫存量,發現異常就主動發送警告通知,「我們不僅點出問題,還會幫你找出異常的原因,以及IT可以提供的協助方案有哪些?」白光華說。

成為IT顧問

白光華指出,造成庫存異常的原因很多,常會牽涉數個不同的事業群,每個事業群只能管到自己的流程,看到的只是片斷,策略資訊長卻能透過資訊科技看到整個營運流程,因此比較容易找到問題的癥結,透過跨部門的溝通協調,找出最佳和最有效率的解決方案。

不過,他強調,「策略還是需要配合才會成功」,第一線執行的員工最瞭解和熟悉公司內部作業,也只有他們才知道什麼樣的工具,最符合執行業務的需求。

為了讓資訊部門人員深入瞭解使用者的需求,白光華要求他們走進各使用者單位,討論各單位的營運流程和作業模式,以及執行業務的問題和需求。之後,資訊部門人員再利用蒐集的資料,評估並提出具體改善方案,其中包含作業流程調整、資訊科技工具導入等。

「簡單地說,就是成為主動提供各事業部門服務的IT顧問!」白光華說,以前資訊部門都是被動的後勤單位,使用者單位告知需求,才提供服務,現在,他要求資訊部門主動發掘問題、找出使用者需求,然後主動通知他們:「你們現在有這樣的問題,我們提了一套解決方案,你們覺得如何?」

預防重於治療,企業管理也是如此,及早強健企業體質,才能因應變動不安的局勢。過去四年,技嘉資訊部門化被動為主動,猶如利用資訊科技為企業把脈的「醫療健檢團隊」,依據各事業單位的需求,研發許多創新系統,除了可以有效掌控安全庫存,也可以像「金融聯合徵信中心」,利用資訊科技調閱往來客戶的信用額度、評比、營收帳款逾期資料,消除被客戶倒帳的風險。資訊部門也建議公司導入客戶保險,一旦客戶倒閉,企業蒙受的損失可以獲得理賠。

不好的年代,正是檢視企業體質、強化競爭力的最佳時刻,善用資訊科技,技嘉做到了。

資料來源:
經濟日報(臺灣) 2009年2月23日 (星期一)

相關連結:
http://prd3-libwisesearch.wisers.net.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/ws5/tool.do?wp_dispatch=confirm-view&doc-ids=news:03ec^200902233690183(S:57644896)&menu-id=&on-what=selected&from-list&display-style=all&tooldisplay=true

思考題:
1.你認為白光華會如何運用其資訊管理的知識協助技嘉科技逆勢成長?

下年度教育總開支617億

《財政預算案》昨日雖未有提出新猷,但教育界下學年將有三三四學制、小學小班教學等多項「大工程」上馬,故下年度的教育經常開支高達五百三十八億元,較本年增加三十五億元,佔政府經常總開支近兩成四。而本年度的教育開支錄得十三億四千萬元盈餘,將全部上繳庫房。

政府去年撥款一百八十億元設立研究基金,由於屬一筆過撥款,令下年度的教育總開支將回落至六百一十七億元,較本年度少逾一百四十億元。《財政預算案》公布,將撥款七十五億元予中學及大學界,籌備今年九月實施的新高中學制,新學制日後每年亦須約二十億元的額外開支。

教育局並計畫於未來數年撥款約九億五千萬元,配合中學教學語言「微調」政策,同時提升小學的英語教學,單是下學年已須撥款二億三千萬元。政府亦撥出二千一百萬元經常開支,進一步推廣國民教育,令每年國民教育的經費增至六千七百萬元。學生資助辦事處下年度的預算亦升近三億元,至約三十九億,該處解釋,經濟環境進一步逆轉,預料各學生資助計畫的申請人數及款額均會增加,故需要增加開支。

此外,政府將撥款六千三百萬元予政府資訊科技總監辦公室,通過宣傳活動、講座、技術支援等,向學生及家長推行互聯網教育,預計能創造五百個為期一年的職位。

對於教育局把超過十三億元盈餘上繳庫房,資助小學校長會主席張志鴻提出,局方可利用款項增加學校發展津貼,紓緩中、小學應付新學制及小班教學的壓力。

資料來源:
星島日報 2009年2月26日 (星期四)

相關連結:
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/ted-ng/article?mid=1022

思考題:
1.你認為政府撥款於教育方面的做法恰當嗎?政府還可以有什麼地方作出改善?
2.你認為向家長和學生推行互聯網教育的重要性是什麼?

王明善:兩文三語 尊重業界

母語教學政策微調方案出台後,引起激辯。筆者雖十分認同母語教學的理念,即「學生使用他們最熟悉的語言學習,能提高他們的學習興趣和增強學習信心」,可惜受制於種種社會因素,香港所謂的「母語教學」本來就是一個發育不良的畸胎。第一,對絕大部分的學生而言,最熟悉的語言是粵語,而並非課本所用的現代標準漢語(口語為普通話),兩者在語言結構上存在明顯分別,現行所謂的「母語教學」實為「中文書、粵語教」,並非真正的母語教學;第二,高等學府均以英文授課,中學自然要架起由全中文授課的小學過渡到全英文授課的大學的橋樑。筆者並不懷疑中中英文科的成效,問題是許多科目均有它們專用術語及表達方式,單靠英文老師把它們一一教授是不切實際的。現行的「母語教學」減低中中生接觸及練習英文的機會,令他們於高等教育階段吃大虧。

無理禁「英文書中文教」

「母語教學」實行後學生學科整體成績確有進步,因此,在並非將教學語言政策推倒的情况下,以加強英語學習為目的進行「微調」,實在無可厚非。但這一方案雖目標正確,卻不可行,主要問題在於天真地認為單靠當年沉浸式學習英文的一套便能提升學生英文水平,卻不切實考慮師資水平。要此方法成功,各科老師必須要有超卓的英語聽、說、讀、寫能力,同時對學科知識要有充分掌握,試問香港有多少教師能如此周身刀、張張利?

微調方案最精神分裂之處,是容許在學生或教師英語能力未足以全面英化的班別部分科目以全英語授課,卻又嚴禁「英文書、中文教」。教與學雙方的英語能力都有限,又如何要求他們以英語討論學科內容呢?既然中文書能以粵語教,英文書、中文教為何不可?有何學理依據?是誰做此判斷?還請當局說明。

正如「母語教學」政策推行後學生中文科公開試成績沒有大幅提升一樣,單靠教學語言來改善學生英文能力實屬「美麗的誤會」。一旦微調後學生英語成績不見顯著進步,反而賠上學習興趣和學科成績,家長及教育界將會怨聲四起,政府又要急急謀求再次「微調」,最後只會換來一個政策朝令夕改的惡名。因此,政府當務之急,並非急於在明年推行這一不可行的微調方案,而是應着力研究編訂適合不同能力學生需要、更彈性化的英文課程,及於其他學科推行雙語教學的可行方法,例如「英書中教」及撥出部分課堂時間教授學科英文詞彙等。最根本的,是要回歸董特首1997年施政報告所提的「兩文三語」的路線,不要忽中忽英、左搖右擺;要廣納業界意見,憑事實和科學數據作出判斷。若政府一意孤行,堅持築起微調方案這一「長城」,最終可能成為今年車公籤文中的「秦王」,「禍去禍來因自招」。

[作者是香港大學教育學院博士研究生]

資料來源:
明報 2009年2月26日專訊(星期四)

相關連結:
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/ted-ng/article?mid=1020#mod-trackback-list

思考題:
1.你認為"英文書中文教"的成效有多大及其問題是什麼?
2.你認為有什麼措施可協助增加中中生接觸及練習英文的機會,使他們英語水平得以提高?